A mathematical programming model for optimal fleet management of electric car-sharing systems with Vehicle-to-Grid operations

Electric car-sharing systems have attracted large attention in recent years as a new business model for achieving both economic and environmental benefits urban areas. Among different types, the one considered this paper is so-called one-way system whereby user can begin end trip at any station of system. At same time, Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) concept emerging possible innovative solution smart power grid control. A management that combines operations V2G technology challenge academia industry. In work, mixed integer linear programming formulation proposed to find optimal electric vehicles integrated with technology. The mathematical allows finding start-of-day distribution maximizes total revenue obtained from users profits through daily charging/discharging schedules. These schedules are based on mean users' requests electricity prices. be applied evaluate average profitability operations. order test performance, we it small-size network real-size (the Delft Netherlands). Under assumptions, adoption fully cover charging costs due users’ trips obtain by taking advantage unused time without significantly reducing satisfied demand. Most energy purchased charge batteries provided back during peak load demand, creating also providers.